04-28-2016 WorkshopThe City f ®CityCommission
)Tei ff ura WorkshopMeeting
April 28 2016
F �,,,. Immediately following Commission Meeting
19200 west country Club Drive Aventura, FL 33180 Executive Conference Room
AGENDA
1. Update on AG Opinion Regarding Drones (City Attorney)*
2. Proposed LDR Text Amendment for Electric Vehicle Showrooms
(City Manager) *
3. Discussion on Noise Ordinance (Commissioner Narotsky) *
4. Proposed Reorganization Plan (City Manager) **
5. Site Plan Application Update (City Manager) **
6. Adjournment
* Back-up Information Exists
** PowerPoint Presentation
This meeting is open to the public. In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, all persons who are
disabled and who need special accommodations to participate in this meeting because of that disability should contact
the Office of the City Clerk, 305-466-8901, not later than two days prior to such proceeding.
MEMORANDUM
TO: City Commission of the City of Aventura, Florida
FROM: David M. Wolpin, City Attorney's Office
DATE: April 21, 2016
SUBJECT: Request to Consider Adoption of Drone Ordinance
April 28,2016 City Commission Workshop
We have drafted the attached proposed Ordinance for City Commission consideration. The
proposed Ordinance consists of two primary components for a new Article VIII "Drone
Regulations and Privacy Protections"of Chapter 30 "Environment "of the City Code, as follows:
(1) Creation of City Code Section 30-210 " Drone Restrictions at Public Gatherings"; and
(2) Creation of Section 30-211 "Protection of Privacy from Drone Use."
Section 30-210 is intended to protect the public safety by prohibiting drones from being flown
within or over defined Public Gatherings in the City.
Section 30-211 is intended to enable the city code enforcement special magistrate system to be
used to address violations of city residents' privacy protections arising from drone use within the
City. Section 30-211 is modeled after Section 934.50(5) (b), Florida Statutes, and embodies a
code enforcement approach for privacy protection. The statute relies on a civil action law suit
remedy. The City's innovative, proposed code enforcement approach is supported by the March
30, 2016 Attorney General Opinion 16-04 (2016), which was requested by the City.
An additional component of the proposed Ordinance is that Section 6 "Implementation", enables
the City Manager to investigate the potential purchase and deployment of technological devices
and systems which may enable the safe immobilization of drones which are found to be operated
in violation of the Ordinance or applicable laws within the City.
If the City Commission desires to proceed with the proposed Ordinance, we would recommend
that we be authorized to contact the FAA Office of Regional Counsel for approval of the
Ordinance or for a statement of"no objection" from the FAA concerning the Ordinance.
Once you have had an opportunity to review the proposed draft Ordinance, please advise us of
any questions.
Copy: City Manager, City Clerk
Attachments: Proposed Ordinance; Attorney General Opinion 16-04 (2016); Section 934.50, F.S.
ORDINANCE NO. 2016-
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF AVENTURA,
FLORIDA; AMENDING THE CITY CODE BY AMENDING
CHAPTER 30 "ENVIRONMENT", BY CREATING
ARTICLE VIII "DRONE REGULATIONS AND PRIVACY
PROTECTIONS", BY CREATING SECTION 30-210
"DRONE RESTRICTIONS AT PUBLIC GATHERINGS";
TO REGULATE AND RESTRICT DRONE USE IN AND
OVER OUTDOOR PUBLIC GATHERINGS, AND BY
CREATING SECTION 30-211 "PROTECTION OF
PRIVACY FROM DRONE USE" TO PROVIDE FOR A
CODE ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM CONCERNING
ANY USE OF A DRONE THAT VIOLATES INDIVIDUAL
PRIVACY AS PROTECTED BY SECTION 934.50,
FLORIDA STATUTES; PROVIDING FOR
APPLICABILITY; PROVIDING FOR SEVERABILITY;
PROVIDING FOR INCLUSION IN CODE; PROVIDING
FOR PENALTY; PROVIDING FOR IMPLEMENTATION;
AND PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
WHEREAS, the City Commission of the City of Aventura ("City") finds that it is
necessary to amend Chapter 30 "Environment" of the City Code to restrict Drone operations at
outdoor public gatherings within the City, and to afford a means of protecting personal privacy
from Drone intrusions via City Code enforcement mechanisms; and
WHEREAS, the City Commission has held the required public hearing, duly noticed in
accordance with law; and
WHEREAS, the City Commission finds that this proposed Ordinance serves to further
enhance the protection of the public health, safety and welfare.
NOW, THEREFORE,IT IS HEREBY ORDAINED BY THE CITY COMMISSION
OF THE CITY OF AVENTURA, FLORIDA, AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Recitals Adopted. That each of the above- stated recitals is hereby adopted
and confirmed.
Section 2. City Code Amended. That Article VIII "Drone Regulations and Privacy
Protections" is hereby created within Chapter 30 "Environment" of the City Code, consisting
of Section 30-210 " Drone Restrictions at Public Gatherings", and Section 30-211 " Protection of
Privacy from Drone Use ", to read as follows:
ARTICLE VIII. DRONE REGULATIONS AND PRIVACY PROTECTIONS
Section 30-210- Drone Restrictions at Public Gatherings
(a) Purpose and intent. This Section is intended to promote public safety and protect
people attending outdoor public gatherings from dangers posed by the flying of unmanned
aircraft systems (the "UAS" or "Drones") in and over such public gatherings. The City
Commission wishes to regulate the use of Drones at outdoor venues where people gather, such
as parks and athletic field facilities, open spaces and similar areas that may attract groups of
people. The restrictions of this Section are intended to protect persons gathered in groups
where a Drone incident would cause greater harm and risk of injury due to a greater number of
people gathered in a close proximity. This Section shall not be construed to conflict with FAA
regulations. but rather to operate in conjunction with those regulations to promote public
safety.
(b) Definitions. As used herein, the following terms shall have the meaning which is
indicated below:
Operator shall mean the person or corporation that operates or controls a Drone.
Public Gatherings shall mean an outdoor area within the City of Aventura at which more
than fifty (50) people congregate or assemble to observe and/ or participate in an athletic or
sporting event, festival, show , outdoor movie, concert, exhibit , or engage in an organized
demonstration or similar free speech activity, which is held in a public space, open space, plaza,
street, park. athletic field. school grounds. shopping center or mall parking lot. or any open-air
facility, when the time. date and location of such Public Gathering is posted on the City's
website for the purpose of providing advance notice to the public and Drone Operators. The date
of such posting on the City's website shall be at least three (3) days prior to the date of the Public
Gathering in order to be considered effective notice under this provision.
Unmanned aircraft systems ((LAS or Drone) shall mean a powered. aerial vehicle as
defined in Section 934.50(2)(a), Florida Statutes, which statutory definition is hereby
incorporated herein.
(c) Prohibitions. Unless otherwise exempt under this Section, a Drone is prohibited from
being deployed, launched or flown in any airspace within or over any Public Gathering, as
defined above. Accordingly, no person shall deploy, launch or fly a Drone in any airspace within
or over a Public Gathering in the City.
(d) Exemptions. This Section shall not prohibit the use of a Drone by any law
enforcement or fire rescue agency, public utility, or local, county, regional, state, or federal
governmental agency for lawful purposes and operated in a lawful manner. Notwithstanding
2
the prohibitions set forth in this Section. nothing in this Section shall be construed to apply to
ally person who demonstrates that such person is expressly authorized by the Federal Aviation
Administration to operate a Drone in City air space at a Public Gathering. ill accordance with
the authority granted by the Federal Aviation Administration.
(e) Enforcement.
(1) Penalty. Any person in violation of any provision of this Section shall be
subject to the penalty provided in Section 1-14 of the City Code. However, in
addition to, or in lieu of any such penalty. the city shall have the power to sue
in civil court and/ or to enforce the provisions of this Section before its code
enforcement special magistrate established in Chapter 2. Section 2-331. et. seq.
of the Code of the City of Aventura. as amended.
(2) In addition to the penalties referenced above. a Drone operated in violation of
this Section may be impounded by a Police Officer of the City and held until
the conclusion of the applicable court or code enforcement proceedings.
Section 30-211. Protection of Privacy from Drone Use.
(1) SHORT TITLE. —This Section may be cited as the"Drone Privacy Protection
Ordinance."
(2) DEFINITIONS. —As used in this Section, the term:
(a) "Drone" means a powered, aerial vehicle as defined in Section 934.50(2)(a),
Florida Statutes , which statutory definition is hereby incorporated herein.
(b) "Image" means a record of thermal, infrared, ultraviolet, visible light, or other
electromagnetic waves; sound waves; odors; or other physical phenomena which
captures conditions existing on or about real property or an individual located on
that property.
(c) "Imaging device" means a mechanical, digital, or electronic viewing device; still
camera; camcorder; motion picture camera; or any other instrument, equipment,
or format capable of recording, storing, or transmitting an image.
(d) "Surveillance" means:
1. With respect to an owner, tenant, occupant, invitee, or licensee of privately
owned real property, the observation of such persons with sufficient visual
clarity to be able to obtain information about their identity, habits, conduct,
movements, or whereabouts; or
2. With respect to privately owned real property, the observation of such
property's physical improvements with sufficient visual clarity to be able to
determine unique identifying features or its occupancy by one or more
persons.
3
(3) PROHIBITED USE OF DRONES.
(a) A person shall not use a Drone equipped with an Imaging Device to record an
Image of privately owned real property or of the owner, tenant, occupant, invitee,
or licensee of such property with the intent to conduct Surveillance on the
individual or property captured in the Image in violation of such person's
reasonable expectation of privacy without his or her written consent. For purposes
of this Section, a person is presumed to have a reasonable expectation of privacy
on his or her privately owned real property if he or she is not observable by
persons located at ground level in a place where they have a legal right to be,
regardless of whether he or she is observable from the air with the use of a Drone.
(b) No person shall engage in conduct which is prohibited by paragraph (a) above.
(c) This Section is intended to prohibit conduct by a person that would give rise to a
cause of action under Section 934.50(5)(b), Florida Statutes, as authorized by
Florida Attorney General Opinion 16-04( 2016).
(4) EXCEPTIONS. This section does not prohibit the use of a Drone:
(a) By a person or an entity engaged in a business or profession licensed by the state,
or by an agent, employee, or contractor thereof, if the Drone is used only to
perform reasonable tasks within the scope of practice or activities permitted under
such person's or entity's license. However, this exception does not apply to a
profession in which the licensee's authorized scope of practice includes obtaining
information about the identity, habits, conduct, movements, whereabouts,
affiliations, associations, transactions, reputation, or character of any society,
person, or group of persons.
(b) By an employee or a contractor of any local, county, state or federal governmental
agency who uses a Drone solely for governmental purposes.
(c) To capture Images by or for an electric, water, or natural gas utility:
1. For operations and maintenance of utility facilities, including facilities used in
the generation, transmission, or distribution of electricity, gas, or water, for
the purpose of maintaining utility system reliability and integrity;
2. For inspecting utility facilities, including pipelines, to determine construction,
repair, maintenance, or replacement needs before, during, and after
construction of such facilities;
3. For assessing vegetation growth for the purpose of maintaining clearances on
utility rights-of-way;
4. For utility routing, siting, and permitting for the purpose of constructing utility
facilities or providing utility service; or
4
5. For conducting environmental monitoring, as provided by federal, state, or
local law, rule, or permit.
(d) For aerial mapping, if the person or entity using a Drone for this purpose is
operating in compliance with Federal Aviation Administration regulations.
(e) To deliver cargo, if the person or entity using a Drone for this purpose is
operating in compliance with Federal Aviation Administration regulations.
(I) To capture Images necessary for the safe operation or navigation of a Drone that
is being used for a purpose allowed under federal or Florida law.
(5) ENFORCEMENT FOR VIOLATION.
The City may initiate City code enforcement proceedings, and impose administrative
fines and costs, pursuant to Section 2-331, et. seq. of Chapter 2 of the City Code
against any person in violation of paragraph(3) of this Section, at the written
request of the owner, tenant, occupant, invitee, or licensee of privately owned real
property within the City who is aggrieved by a violation of this Section or Section
934.50(5)(b), Florida Statutes. Alternatively, such code enforcement proceedings
may be commenced upon the City's own initiative.
Section 3. Severability. That the provisions of this Ordinance are declared to be
severable and if any section, sentence, clause or phrase of this Ordinance shall for any reason be
held to be invalid or unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining
sections, sentences, clauses, and phrases of this Ordinance but they shall remain in effect, it
being the legislative intent that this Ordinance shall stand notwithstanding the invalidity of any
part.
Section 4. Inclusion in the Code. That it is the intention of the City Commission, and it
is hereby ordained that the provisions of this Ordinance shall become and be made a part of the
Code of the City of Aventura; that the sections of this Ordinance may be renumbered or
relettered to accomplish such intentions; and that the word "Ordinance" shall be changed to
"Section" or other appropriate word.
Section 5. Penalty. That any person who violates any provisions of Section 30-210
of this Ordinance shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine not to exceed $500.00 or
5
imprisonment in the County jail not to exceed sixty (60) days or both such fine and
imprisonment. Each day that a violation continues shall be deemed a separate violation. This
Ordinance shall also be subject to enforcement under the Local Government Code Enforcement
Act, Chapter 162, F.S., as amended, and City Code Section 2-331, et. seq., as amended.
Enforcement may also be by suit for declaratory, injunctive or other appropriate relief in a court
of competent jurisdiction.
Section 6. Implementation.
A. That the City Manager is authorized to take any action which is necessary to implement
and enforce this Ordinance.
B. Further, the City Manager is authorized to investigate the potential purchase and
deployment of technological devices and systems which may enable the safe
immobilization of drones which are found to be operated in violation of this Ordinance or
applicable laws within the City.
Section 7. Effective Date. That this Ordinance shall be effective immediately upon
adoption on second reading.
The foregoing Ordinance was offered by , who moved its adoption on
first reading. This motion was seconded by , and upon being put to a
vote, the vote was as follows:
Commissioner Enbar Cohen
Commissioner Teri Holzberg
Commissioner Denise Landman
Commissioner Marc Narotsky
Commissioner Howard Weinberg
Vice Mayor Robert Shelley
Mayor Enid Weisman
6
The foregoing Ordinance was offered by Commissioner who
moved its adoption on second reading. This motion was seconded by Commissioner
and upon being put to a vote, the vote was as follows:
Commissioner Enbar Cohen
Commissioner Teri Holzberg
Commissioner Denise Landman
Commissioner Marc Narotsky
Commissioner Howard Weinberg
Vice Mayor Robert Shelley
Mayor Enid Weisman
PASSED AND ADOPTED on first reading this day of , 2016.
PASSED AND ADOPTED on second reading this day of ,2016.
Enid Weisman, Mayor
ATTEST:
Ellisa Horvath, MMC
City Clerk
Approved as to Form and Legal Sufficiency
For City's Reliance Only:
City Attorney
7
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7 it
S OF ast
Fvo,
STATE OF FLORIDA
PAM BONDI
ATTORNEY GENERAL
March 30, 2016
16-04
Mr. David M. Wolpin
Attorney for the City of Aventura
2525 Ponce De Leon Boulevard
Suite 700
Coral Gables, Florida 33134
Dear Mr. Wolpin:
On behalf of the City of Aventura, you ask the following:
Does section 934.50, Florida Statutes, preempt the adoption of a
municipal ordinance prohibiting the use of drones equipped
with imaging devices within the city's limits by private individuals and
entities, when such use invades the privacy rights of the city's residents?
In sum:
Section 934.50, Florida Statutes, does not preempt the adoption of a
municipal ordinance prohibiting the use of drones by private individuals
for surveillance which invades the privacy rights of the city's residents.
You state that the City of Aventura is contemplating the enactment of an
ordinance to prohibit the unauthorized use of surveillance drones by private persons,
when such use invades the privacy rights of citizens. The proposed ordinance would
track the statutory exclusions from the prohibition in section 934.50(4), Florida Statutes,
and would impose civil penalties for its violation pursuant to the authority in Chapter
162, Florida Statutes) The city, however, questions whether such an ordinance would
be preempted by or be in conflict with section 934.50, Florida Statutes, the "Freedom
from Unwarranted Surveillance Act."2
I Chapter 162, Fla. Stat, establishes administrative enforcement procedures and a means of imposing
administrative fines by local governing bodies for violations of local codes and ordinances for which no
criminal penalty has been specified.
2 While you have limited your inquiry to the impact of s. 934.50, Fla.Stat., the Federal Aviation Authority
and federal law may be implicated in the regulation of drones. Regrettably, this office does not interpret
federal law, so it may be advisable to contact the Federal Aviation Authority for further direction.
PL-01, The Capitol, Tallahassee,Florida 32399-1050, Telephone(850)414-3300 Fax(850)487-2564
Mr. David M. Wolpin
Page Two
Initially, I would note that the discussion below generally addresses the
provisions in section 934.50, Florida Statutes, and does not speak to the specific
language the city may use in its ordinance.
Section 934.50(3), Florida Statutes, in prohibiting the use of drones,3 provides:
(a) A law enforcement agency may not use a drone to gather evidence
or other information.
(b) A person, a state agency, or a political subdivision as defined in
s. 11.45 may not use a drone equipped with an imaging device to record
an image of privately owned real property or of the owner, tenant,
occupant, invitee, or licensee of such property with the intent to conduct
surveillance on the individual or property captured in the image in violation
of such person's reasonable expectation of privacy without his or her
written consent. For purposes of this section, a person is presumed to
have a reasonable expectation of privacy on his or her privately owned
real property if he or she is not observable by persons located at ground
level in a place where they have a legal right to be, regardless of whether
he or she is observable from the air with the use of a drone.
Specific exceptions to the prohibition against the use of drones are enumerated.4
3 Section 934.50(2)(a), Fla. Stat., provides:
°Drone'means a powered, aerial vehicle that:
1. Does not carry a human operator;
2. Uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift;
3. Can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely;
4. Can be expendable or recoverable; and
5. Can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload.
Section 934.50(4), Fla. Stat.:
EXCEPTIONS.—This section does not prohibit the use of a drone:
(a) To counter a high risk of a terrorist attack by a specific individual or organization if
the United States Secretary of Homeland Security determines that credible intelligence
indicates that there is such a risk.
(b) If the law enforcement agency first obtains a search warrant signed by a judge
authorizing the use of a drone.
(c) If the law enforcement agency possesses reasonable suspicion that, under
particular circumstances, swift action is needed to prevent imminent danger to life
or serious damage to property, to forestall the imminent escape of a suspect or the
destruction of evidence, or to achieve purposes including, but not limited to,
facilitating the search for a missing person.
(d) By a person or an entity engaged in a business or profession licensed by the
state, or by an agent, employee, or contractor thereof, if the drone is used only to
Mr. David M. Wolpin
Page Three
The statute further provides remedies for violation of its terms:
(5)(a) An aggrieved party may initiate a civil action against a law
enforcement agency to obtain all appropriate relief in order to prevent or
remedy a violation of this section.
(b) The owner, tenant, occupant, invitee, or licensee of privately owned
real property may initiate a civil action for compensatory damages for
violations of this section and may seek injunctive relief to prevent future
violations of this section against a person, state agency, or political
subdivision that violates paragraph (3)(b). In such action, the prevailing
party is entitled to recover reasonable attorney fees from the nonprevailing
party based on the actual and reasonable time expended by his or her
attorney billed at an appropriate hourly rate and, in cases in which the
payment of such a fee is contingent on the outcome, without a multiplier,
unless the action is tried to verdict, in which case a multiplier of up to twice
the actual value of the time expended may be awarded in the discretion of
the trial court.
(c) Punitive damages for a violation of paragraph (3)(b) may be sought
perform reasonable tasks within the scope of practice or activities permitted under
such person's or entity's license. However,this exception does not apply to a
profession in which the licensee's authorized scope of practice includes obtaining
information about the identity, habits, conduct, movements, whereabouts, affiliations,
associations,transactions, reputation, or character of any society, person, or group
of persons.
(e) By an employee or a contractor of a property appraiser who uses a drone solely
for the purpose of assessing property for ad valorem taxation.
(f) To capture images by or for an electric, water, or natural gas utility:
1. For operations and maintenance of utility facilities, including facilities used in the
generation, transmission, or distribution of electricity, gas,or water, for the purpose
of maintaining utility system reliability and integrity;
2. For inspecting utility facilities, including pipelines, to determine construction, repair,
maintenance, or replacement needs before, during, and after construction of such
facilities;
3. For assessing vegetation growth for the purpose of maintaining clearances on
utility rights-of-way;
4. For utility routing, siting, and permitting for the purpose of constructing utility
facilities or providing utility service; or
5. For conducting environmental monitoring, as provided by federal, state,or local
law, rule, or permit.
(g) For aerial mapping, if the person or entity using a drone for this purpose is operating in
compliance with Federal Aviation Administration regulations.
(h) To deliver cargo, if the person or entity using a drone for this purpose is operating in
compliance with Federal Aviation Administration regulations.
(i) To capture images necessary for the safe operation or navigation of a drone that is being
used for a purpose allowed under federal or Florida law.
Mr. David M. Wolpin
Page Four
against a person subject to other requirements and limitations of law,
including, but not limited to, part II of chapter 768 and case law.
(d) The remedies provided for a violation of paragraph (3)(b) are
cumulative to other existing remedies.5
Section 166.021(1), Florida Statutes, a provision of the "Municipal Home Rule
Powers Act,"states that municipalities may exercise any power for municipal purposes
except when expressly prohibited by law. Section 166.021(3), Florida Statutes,
provides that pursuant to the authority set forth in section 2(b), Article VIII, Florida
Constitution, the legislative body of each municipality has the power to enact legislation
concerning any subject upon which the state Legislature may act except, among other
things, any subject that is expressly prohibited by the constitution or any subject that is
expressly preempted to state or county government by the Constitution or by general
law.5 The term "express" as used in section 166.021, Florida Statutes, has been
construed to mean a reference that is distinctly stated and not left to inference.'
A review of section 934.50, Florida Statutes, does not reveal an express
preemption of the regulation of drones, nor do the provisions of the statute appear to be
so pervasive so as to preclude any other regulation by a local governments At this
time, there does not appear to be a uniform state law which would preempt local
regulation of the use of drones by private persons in the manner proposed by the city.
As was established in City of Miami Beach v. Rocio Corporation:
The principle that a municipal ordinance is inferior to state law remains
undisturbed. Although legislation may be concurrent, enacted by both
state and local governments in areas not preempted by the state,
concurrent legislation enacted by municipalities may not conflict with
state law. If conflict arises, state law prevails. An ordinance which
supplements a statute's restriction of rights may coexist with that statute,
whereas an ordinance which countermands rights provided by statute
must fail.
5 Section 934.50(5), Fla. Stat.
• Section 166.021(3)(b)and (c), Fla. Stat.
See Edwards v. State,422 So. 2d 84, 85 (Fla. 2d DCA 1982); Op.Att'y Gen. Fla. 84-83(1984). Cf.
Pierce v. Division of Retirement, 410 So. 2d 669, 672(Fla. 2d DCA 1982).
• Compare Inf. Op. to Mr. James D. Palermo, dated September 25, 2002, Florida's Beverage Law does
not expressly preempt local regulation prohibiting individuals under the age of 21 from entering a bar.
404 So. 2d 1066, 1070(Fla. 3d DCA 1981),petition for review denied, 408 So. 2d 1092 (Fla. 1981).
Mr. David M. Wolpin
Page Five
Accordingly, it is my opinion that section 934.50, Florida Statutes, does not
preempt the adoption of a municipal ordinance prohibiting the use of drones equipped
with imaging devices within the city limits by private individuals and entities, when such
use invades the privacy rights of the city's residents.
incerely,
am Bon Cli
Attorney General
PB/tis
Mr. David M. Wolpin
Page Six
RE: MUNICIPALITIES—MUNICIPAL CODE ENFORCEMENT—
DRONES—PRIVACY RIGHTS. Authority of municipality to enact
ordinance prohibiting private use of drones to invade privacy rights of
citizens. s. 934.50, Fla. Stat.
Statutes&Constitution:View Statutes :Online Sunshine
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Legislative a Executive CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND SECURITY OF COMMUNICATIONS; Chanter
Branch Lobbyists CORRECTIONS SURVEILLANCE
Information Center 934.50 Searches and seizure using a drone.—
Joint Legislative
Committees a (1) SHORT TITLE.—This act may be cited as the "Freedom from Unwarranted Surveillance Act."
Other Entities (2) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this act, the term:
Historical Committees
(a) "Drone" means a powered, aerial vehicle that:
Florida Government
Efficiency Task Force 1. Does not carry a human operator;
Legislative Employment 2. Uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift;
Legistore 3. Can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely;
Links 4. Can be expendable or recoverable; and
5. Can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload.
Interpreter Services (b) "Image" means a record of thermal, infrared, ultraviolet, visible light, or other
for the Hearing Impaired electromagnetic waves; sound waves; odors; or other physical phenomena which captures conditions
existing on or about real property or an individual located on that property.
My Florida House (c) "Imaging device" means a mechanical, digital, or electronic viewing device; still camera;
ACTSlicamcorder; motion picture camera; or any other instrument, equipment, or format capable of
i S44'"/
_ recording, storing, or transmitting an image.
(d) "Law enforcement agency" means a lawfully established state or local public agency that is
responsible for the prevention and detection of crime, local government code enforcement, and the
enforcement of penal, traffic, regulatory, game, or controlled substance laws.
(e) "Surveillance" means:
1. With respect to an owner, tenant, occupant, invitee, or licensee of privately owned real
property, the observation of such persons with sufficient visual clarity to be able to obtain
information about their identity, habits, conduct, movements, or whereabouts; or
2. With respect to privately owned real property, the observation of such property's physical
improvements with sufficient visual clarity to be able to determine unique identifying features or its
occupancy by one or more persons.
(3) PROHIBITED USE OF DRONES.—
(a) A law enforcement agency may not use a drone to gather evidence or other information.
(b) A person, a state agency, or a political subdivision as defined in s. 11.45 may not use a drone
equipped with an imaging device to record an image of privately owned real property or of the
owner, tenant, occupant, invitee, or licensee of such property with the intent to conduct
surveillance on the individual or property captured in the image in violation of such person's
reasonable expectation of privacy without his or her written consent. For purposes of this section, a
person is presumed to have a reasonable expectation of privacy on his or her privately owned real
http://www.leg.state.fl.us/...UTES/index.cfm?App_mode=Display Statute&SearehString=&U RL=0900-0999/0934/Sections/0934.50.html[4/212016 10:45:34 AM I
Statutes&Constitution:View Statutes:Online Sunshine
property if he or she is not observable by persons located at ground level in a place where they
have a legal right to be, regardless of whether he or she is observable from the air with the use of a
drone.
(4) EXCEPTIONS.—This section does not prohibit the use of a drone:
(a) To counter a high risk of a terrorist attack by a specific individual or organization if the United
States Secretary of Homeland Security determines that credible intelligence indicates that there is
such a risk.
(b) If the law enforcement agency first obtains a search warrant signed by a judge authorizing the
use of a drone.
(c) If the law enforcement agency possesses reasonable suspicion that, under particular
circumstances, swift action is needed to prevent imminent danger to life or serious damage to
property, to forestall the imminent escape of a suspect or the destruction of evidence, or to achieve
purposes including, but not limited to, facilitating the search for a missing person.
(d) By a person or an entity engaged in a business or profession licensed by the state, or by an
agent, employee, or contractor thereof, if the drone is used only to perform reasonable tasks within
the scope of practice or activities permitted under such person's or entity's license. However, this
exception does not apply to a profession in which the licensee's authorized scope of practice
includes obtaining information about the identity, habits, conduct, movements, whereabouts,
affiliations, associations, transactions, reputation, or character of any society, person, or group of
persons.
(e) By an employee or a contractor of a property appraiser who uses a drone solely for the
purpose of assessing property for ad valorem taxation.
(f) To capture images by or for an electric, water, or natural gas utility:
1. For operations and maintenance of utility facilities, including facilities used in the generation,
transmission, or distribution of electricity, gas, or water, for the purpose of maintaining utility
system reliability and integrity;
2. For inspecting utility facilities, including pipelines, to determine construction, repair,
maintenance, or replacement needs before, during, and after construction of such facilities;
3. For assessing vegetation growth for the purpose of maintaining clearances on utility rights-of-
way;
4. For utility routing, siting, and permitting for the purpose of constructing utility facilities or
providing utility service; or
5. For conducting environmental monitoring, as provided by federal, state, or local law, rule, or
permit.
(g) For aerial mapping, if the person or entity using a drone for this purpose is operating in
compliance with Federal Aviation Administration regulations.
(h) To deliver cargo, if the person or entity using a drone for this purpose is operating in
compliance with Federal Aviation Administration regulations.
(i) To capture images necessary for the safe operation or navigation of a drone that is being used
for a purpose allowed under federal or Florida law.
(5) REMEDIES FOR VIOLATION.—
(a) An aggrieved party may initiate a civil action against a law enforcement agency to obtain all
appropriate relief in order to prevent or remedy a violation of this section.
(b) The owner, tenant, occupant, invitee, or licensee of privately owned real property may
initiate a civil action for compensatory damages for violations of this section and may seek
injunctive relief to prevent future violations of this section against a person, state agency, or
political subdivision that violates paragraph (3)(b). In such action, the prevailing party is entitled to
recover reasonable attorney fees from the nonprevailing party based on the actual and reasonable
http://www.legslate.Fl.us/._UTHS/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL-0900.0999/0934/Sections/0934.50.htmll4/21/2016 10:45:34 AM]
Statutes&Constitution:View Statutes:Online Sunshine
time expended by his or her attorney billed at an appropriate hourly rate and, in cases in which the
payment of such a fee is contingent on the outcome, without a multiplier, unless the action is tried
to verdict, in which case a multiplier of up to twice the actual value of the time expended may be
awarded in the discretion of the trial court.
(c) Punitive damages for a violation of paragraph (3)(b) may be sought against a person subject to
other requirements and limitations of law, including, but not Limited to, part II of chapter 768 and
case law.
(d) The remedies provided for a violation of paragraph (3)(b) are cumulative to other existing
remedies.
(6) PROHIBITION ON USE OF EVIDENCE.—Evidence obtained or collected in violation of this act is
not admissible as evidence in a criminal prosecution in any court of law in this state.
History.—s. 1,ch. 2013-33; s. 1, ch. 2015-26.
Copyright 1995-2016 The Florida Legislature • Privacy Statement • Contact Us
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1111
BERCOW RADELL & FERNANDEZ
ZONING• LAND USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
DIRECT LINE:(305)377-6238
E-MAIL: mmaRaroebaoninolaw.com
VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL
April 15,2016
Eric Soroka,City Manager
City of Aventura
19200 West Country Club Drive, 5th Floor
Aventura,Florida 33180
Re: Electric Vehicle Showroom-City Commission Workshop April 28,2016
Dear Eric:
As you know, this office represents Turnberry Associates and the
affiliated owners of Aventura Mall. We have previously discussed with you a
text amendment to the City's land development regulations that would permit
electric vehicle showrooms in the B-2 zoning district. I believe we have arrived
at language that will work for the mall, while addressing the City's concerns and
we look forward to discussing this proposal with the City Commission.
Please place the attached proposed language on the City Commission's
Workshop scheduled for April 28th, 2016 so that we can receive comments from
the commission and hopefully move this proposal forward. Please contact me at
(305) 377-6238 if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
�
Michael J. Marrero
SOUTHEAST FINANCIAL COlT6i•200 SOUTH BISCAYNE BOULEVARD, SUITE 870•MIAMI, FLORIDA 33131
PHONE.306274.3300•FAX.306.3772222•W W W.BRONINDLAW.COM
PROPOSED ELECTRIC VEHICLE SHOWROOM AMENDMENT
For parcels that include one or more shopping center buildings that contain more than 1,000,000 square feet of
gross leasable area and do not exceed five stories in height, an electric vehicle retail sales and showroom
conforming to the following criteria:
(a) no more than one(1)electric vehicle retail showroom shall be allowed on the parcel, and
(b) no on-site vehicle storage/stock beyond the showroom and vehicles for test drives shall be allowed, and
(c)no more than six(6)electric vehicles produced by the electric vehicle motor company shall be stored on site,
outside of the showroom,to be used for test drive purposes, and
(d)no delivery of vehicles and/or service of vehicles shall be permitted on site, and
(e)such other conditions as may be recommended by the City Manager to the City Commission.
CITY OF AVENTURA
OFFICE OF THE CITY COMMISSION
MEMORANDUM
TO: Eric M. Soroka, ICMA-CM, City Manager
FROM: Commissioner Marc Narotsky
DATE: April 11, 2016
SUBJECT: Discussion on Noise Code
Please place on the April Workshop Meeting Agenda a discussion on amending the
following paragraph of Section 30-33 of the City Code's Noise Regulations:
(9)
Commercial maintenance equipment. The use of commercial maintenance
equipment which creates a noise disturbance in connection with the
operation of the equipment within 100 feet of any residential area between
7:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. on weekdays, and 7:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m. on
weekends and holidays.
Thank you.